1. What is a negative number?

A negative number is an integer that is less than zero. e.g. -3 is a negative number.

2. What sign does the answer have if I multiply a negative number by another negative number?

Strangely enough the answer is POSITIVE! e.g. -3 x -3 = +9

3. What is the difference between whole numbers and natural numbers?

Whole numbers include zero, 0, whereas the natural numbers do not.
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, ...}
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4,...}